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Title : Scientists determine how we can prevent half of all cancer deaths
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Scientists determine how we can prevent half of all cancer deaths

imagine a powerful new treatment that could reduce cancer deaths by more than half.

In the age of cancer drugs $ 10,000 a month, which often extend to life by the slimmest margins - few precious months before the cancer is waged again -. The idea of ​​such a powerful effect sounds like a fantasy

But it is not, exactly. A new study published in JAMA Oncology estimated by applying knowledge we've had for decades - not smoking, drinking in moderation, maintaining a healthy body weight and exercise - more than half of all cancer deaths could be prevented and new cases of cancer could fall by 40 percent to 60 percent.

Emotion, financing and much of the prestige in the fight against cancer is triggered by the huge advances in understanding the molecular basis that drive the disease. Advances in science have created a real hope for the new generation of powerful drugs and cocktails combination - along with tremendous hype that almost certainly overstates the amount of progress that is just around the corner. This simple truth remains: Even though science wins powerful ideas in many types of cancer, there is still a lot that scientists do not yet understand fully about their sinister biology. Meanwhile, the new study drives home an important point. Scientists already know how to prevent a large swath of cancer deaths

"Some of the declines we have seen in cancer mortality - the great decrease in lung cancer - it was because of efforts to prevent people from smoking, "said Siobhan Sutcliffe, associate professor of the division of public health sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, did not participate in the investigation. "Even while we are making new discoveries, that should not prevent us from acting on the knowledge they already have."

to make its estimates of how changes in lifestyle could affect toll of cancer in the population, a pair of researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health uses large ongoing studies have followed closely the health habits and lifestyle of tens of thousands of nurses and male health professionals. people were divided into two groups: low-risk group who did not smoke, did not drink more than one drink a day for women or two for men, maintain a certain rate of healthy body mass, and made two and a half hours moderate week or half that vigorous exercise aerobic exercise.

The team compared cancer cases and cancer deaths among groups of low and high risk and found that for individual cancers, healthy behaviors could have a big effect on some types of cancer: most of the cases of lung cancer are attributable to lifestyle and more than one fifth of cases of colon, pancreatic and kidney cancer.

Then those differences to the general US population are extrapolated, finding an even greater proportion of cases of potentially preventable deaths and cancer. For women, it is estimated that 41 percent of cancer cases are preventable and 59 percent of cancer deaths. For men, 63 percent of cancer cases were potentially preventable and 67 percent of deaths.

there are caveats to this - the high-risk group in the study is healthier than the general US population, so there are reasons that the numbers may be slightly overvalued. But Mingyang Song, the researcher who led the study, says that the numbers are a good approximation, as they may be underestimating the effects of lifestyle, too, because are selected from a narrow range of lifestyle factors.

"We must not ignore the knowledge we already learned in the last decade or the last 100 years," Song said. "We must use this knowledge to move forward the policy and also to inform the public that we have this knowledge and can use this knowledge to improve current cancer prevention efforts."

For years, the fight against cancer has been waged on two related fronts, but largely in silos. At the forefront of science are doctors and researchers with increasingly powerful tools to investigate how cancer works and invent new ways to prevent. This struggle often declared near the end of the disease, once it has taken hold and doctors and patients would do anything to loosen its grip, even temporarily. In front of public health are researchers often focus on strategies to reduce mortality by preventing the disease altogether, trying to understand how to detect their presence, or what environmental exposure should be avoided .

"There is a kind of are two worlds, a world centered therapy and other world focused on prevention, and I think those two worlds join now," said Tyler Jacks, director of the Koch Institute Integrative Cancer Research Institute of Technology of Massachusetts.

This summer, MIT - held a symposium focused on early detection and prevention of cancer - full of biologists and engineers who have tended to approach the first place. Jacks, who is also a co-chairman of the group of scientists advising Vice President Joe Biden "Cancer Moonshot" said that prevention and early detection - and even untangle exactly why the risk factors of lifestyle such as obesity increased risk of cancer - are much in the minds of people.

"There is room for both. We must not ignore the power of therapy and its applications for people who have cancer. ... We just can not ignore that," Jacks said. "But why can not also include, when we think about cancer control more generally, issues of lifestyle, the problems of human behavior, which can reduce the overall risk."

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