Title : Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: exhibition hall sweep (Space Shuttle Enterprise)
link : Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: exhibition hall sweep (Space Shuttle Enterprise)
Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: exhibition hall sweep (Space Shuttle Enterprise)
Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center: exhibition hall sweep (Space Shuttle Enterprise)
See more photos this, and Wikipedia article .
details, citing Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | Space Shuttle Enterprise
Manufacturer:
Rockwell International Corporation
Country of origin:
United States of America
Dimensions:
overall: ... 57 feet high x 122 feet long x 78 feet wingspan, 150,000 lbs
(xx 3718.57 1737.36 2377.44cm, 68039.6kg)
Materials:
aluminum fuselage and body with some features fiberglass ; doors of the payload bay are graphite epoxy compounds; thermal tiles are simulated (polyurethane foam) except for the test samples of actual tiles and thermal blankets.
The first Space Shuttle orbiter, "Enterprise" is a test vehicle scale is used for flights in the atmosphere and evidence on the floor; that is not equipped for space flight. Although elements of the fuselage and flight control are like ferry flown in space, this vehicle does not have a propulsion system and only simulated thermal tiles because these features were not necessary for atmospheric and terrestrial tests. "Enterprise" was launched at the assembly plant Rockwell International in Palmdale, California, in 1976. In 1977, he entered service for a test flight program approach and landing nine months. Thereafter it was used for vibration testing and adjustment controls in NASA centers, and also appeared in the 1983 Paris Air Show and 1984 World Fair in New Orleans. In 1985, NASA transferred "Enterprise" Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum.
Transferred from the National Aeronautics and Space
• • •
Quoting Wikipedia | Space Shuttle Enterprise
The space shuttle Company ( NASA Orbiter Vehicle designation OV-101 ) was the first orbital space shuttle . It was built to NASA as part of space shuttle program to perform test flights in the atmosphere. It was built without engine or functional heat shield , and therefore was not capable of spaceflight .
Originally Company had been intended to be refitted for orbital flight, which would have made the second space shuttle to fly after Columbia . However, during the construction of Columbia , the details of the final design changed, particularly with respect to the weight of the fuselage and wings. Replacement Company for space flight would have involved the dismantling of the ship and returning sections to subcontractors across the country. As it was an expensive proposition, it was determined to be less expensive to build Challenger around a body frame (STA-099) that had been created as a test article. Similarly, Company was considered for refit to replace Challenger after it was destroyed , but Endeavour was built from structural spares instead.
Service
construction began on the first orbiter, on 4 June 1974. Appointed OV-101, was planned originally to be named Constitution and unveiled Constitution Day , 17 September 1976. a registered by Trekkies to President campaign Gerald Ford asked that the orbiter is named after Starship Company contained in the TV Star Trek . Although Ford did not mention the campaign, the president who during the Second World War had served on the aircraft carrier USS Monterey (CVL-26) serving with USS Company (CV-6) He said it was "partial name" and NASA officials overruled.
design OV-101 was not the same as provided for OV-102 , the first flight model; the tail was constructed differently, and not have to mount interfaces WHO pods. a large number of subsystems, ranging from main engines-radar devices were not installed in this vehicle, but the ability to add in the future retained. Instead of a thermal protection system , its surface was mainly Fiberglass .
In mid-1976, the orbiter was used for ground vibration testing, allowing engineers to compare data from actual flight vehicle with theoretical models.
on September 17, 1976, Company was launched of Rockwell plant in Palmdale, California . In recognition of his namesake fiction, Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry and most of the main cast of the original series of Star Trek were present at the ceremony of dedication.
approach and testing landing (ALT)
Main article: approach and testing landing
on January 31, 1977, which was taken by the way of Dryden Flight Research Center to Base Edwards Air Force to begin operational testing.
While at NASA Dryden Company was used by NASA for a variety of ground tests and flight intended to validate aspects of the shuttle program. The initial trial period of nine months was referred to by the acronym ALT , for "Approach and Landing Test". These tests included a maiden "flight" on February 18, 1977 on top of a Boeing 747 shuttle carrier aircraft (SCA) to measure structural loads and ground handling and characteristics trailer braking system. ground tests of all orbiter subsystems were carried out to verify functionality prior to atmospheric flight.
The paired Company / SCA combination was then subjected to five test flights with the company unmanned and unactivated. The purpose of these test flights was to measure the flight characteristics of the mated combination. These tests were followed with three test flights Company to test manned flight control systems shuttle.
Company underwent five free flights where separated from the SCA and was landed ship under astronaut control. These tests verified the flight characteristics of the orbiter and design were carried out in several aerodynamic and weight configurations. In the fifth and final flight glider pilot induced oscillation were released the problems that had to be treated before it happened the first orbital launch.
On August 12, 1977, the space shuttle Company flew on its own for the first time.
Preparation for STS-1 mission
Following the ALT program Company was transported among several NASA facilities to configure the craft vibration tests. In June 1979, she mated with an external tank and solid rocket fuel (known as configuration repetitive ) and tested in a launch configuration in Kennedy Space Center platform launch Pad 39A .
Withdrawal
with the completion of the critical test Company was partially disassembled to allow certain components to be reused in other shuttles, then , underwent an international tour visiting France, Germany, Italy , the United Kingdom, Canada and the states of California, Alabama and Louisiana (during the exhibition universal Louisiana 1984 ). It was also used to adjust to check never used shuttle launch pad to Vandenberg AFB, California . Finally, the Nov. 18, 1985, Company was transported to Washington, DC, where it became the property of Smithsonian Institution .
Post- Challenger
After the disaster Challenger considered using NASA Company as a replacement. However the assembly of the shuttle with all necessary so it can be used in space was considered equipment, but instead decided to use built parts while Discovery and Atlantis to build Endeavour .
Post- Columbia
in 2003, after break of Columbia during reentry, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board conducted tests in Southwest Research Institute , which uses an air gun to shoot foam blocks of similar size , mass and the speed at which beat Columbia a test structure that mechanically reproduce the orbiter wing leading edge. a panel of glass fiber were removed from Company ' s wing to perform the analysis of the material and attached to the structure of the test, and then shot a foam block in it. While the panel was not broken as a result of the test, impact was enough to permanently deform a seal. As reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) on the panel Columbia was 2.5 times weaker, this suggests that the RCC leading edge would have been shattered. additional tests on the fiberglass were canceled so as not to risk damaging the test apparatus, and a panel of Discovery was tested to determine the effects of the foam in a leading edge similarly aged RCC. On July 7, 2003, an impact test foam creates a hole 41 cm by 42.5 cm (16.1 inches by 16.7 inches) in the protective RCC panel. The evidence clearly showed that a foam impact of type Columbia sustained could seriously violate the protective RCC panels on the leading edge of the wing.
The Board determined that the probable cause of the accident was that the impact of foam caused a violation of a panel of reinforced carbon-carbon along the edge of left wing of Columbia allowing the hot gases generated during reentry into the wing and cause a structural collapse. This caused Columbia to spin out of control, breaking with the loss of the entire crew.
exhibition Museum
Company stored at Smithsonian hangar in Washington Dulles International Airport before it was restored and moved to the newly constructed National Museum of Air and Space Smithsonian 's Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center at Dulles International Airport, which it has been the centerpiece of the collection space. On April 12, 2011, NASA announced that space shuttle Discovery , the orbiter most traveled in the fleet, will be added to the collection once the fleet retired ferries. When that happens, Company it will move to the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in the city of New York, a newly built hangar next to the museum. In preparation for the anticipated relocation, engineers evaluated the car in early 2010 and was determined to be safe to fly in the shuttle carrier aircraft again.
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