Meat:? Good or bad

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Meat:? Good or bad

Man Throwing Piece of Meat into the Air Meat is a very controversial food

.

On the one hand, is a staple in many diets and is a great source of protein and important nutrients.

On the other hand, some people believe that eating is unhealthy, unethical and unnecessary.

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the health benefits and possible risks of eating meat examination performed.

What is the meat?

Meat is the flesh of animals that humans prepare and consume food.

In the US and many other countries, the term refers primarily to muscle tissues. It normally consumed as meat, chops, ribs, roasted or ground form, such as hamburger.

In the past, offal such as liver, kidneys, brain and intestines were commonly enjoyed in most cultures. However, most Western diets now excluded.

However, meat offal remains popular in some parts of the world, particularly among traditional societies. Many delights are also based on the organs.

The foie gras is made from duck or goose liver. Sweetbreads are the thymus and pancreas. And often a soup made from the intestines.

Today, most of the meat in the world comes from domestic animals raised on farms, primarily large industrial complexes that often are home to thousands of animals at a time.

However, in some traditional cultures, hunting animals remains the only means of obtaining it.

Conclusion: meat refers to muscle or organs of an animal consumed as food. In most parts of the world, it comes from animals raised on large factory farms.

Different types

types of meat are classified according to their animal and how they prepare.

Red meat

Cut Pieces of Red Meat

This comes from mammals and contains more of the iron-rich protein myoglobin in their tissue than meat white. Examples include:

  • beef (cattle).
  • pork and swine (pigs).
  • Lamb.
  • cattle (calves).
  • goat.
  • game, such as bison, elk and venison (deer).

Meat White

Raw Turkey Breast

This is generally lighter in color red meat and comes from birds and small game. Examples include:

  • chicken.
  • Turkey.
  • Pato.
  • goose.
  • Wild birds, such as quail and pheasant.
  • Rabbit.

meat

Sliced Salami

Meat products has been amended by salting, curing, smoking, drying or other processes to preserve or enhance flavor. Examples include:

  • hot dogs.
  • sausage.
  • Bacon.
  • sausages, such as mortadella, salami and pastrami.
  • uneven.

Conclusion: meat comes from a variety of different animals and is classified as red or white, depending on the source. Processed products have been modified with additives to improve taste.

The nutrients in meat

Three Cuts of Meat on a Marble Table

Lean meat is considered an excellent source of protein. Protein contains approximately 25-30% by weight after firing.

3.5 oz (100 grams) of cooked chicken breast contains about 31 grams of protein. The same serving of lean meat contains about 27 grams ( 1 2 ).

Animal protein is a complete protein, meaning it provides all 9 essential amino acids.

A 3.5-ounce serving (100 grams) of lean meat provides ( 2 ):

  • Calories: 205.
  • Proteins. About 27 grams
  • Riboflavin :. 11% of the RDI
  • Niacin :. 19% of the IDR
  • Vitamin B6 :. 16% of the RDI
  • Vitamin B12 :. 19% of the IDR
  • Niacin :. 63% of the IDR
  • Match :. 24% of the RDI
  • Zinc :. 50% of the RDI
  • Selenium :. 28% of the IDR

The nutrient profiles of other muscle meats are similar, but contain less zinc. Interestingly, the pork is especially high in vitamin thiamine , which provides 63% of the RDI per 3.5 oz (100 grams) ( 3 ).

liver and other organs are also rich in vitamin A, vitamin B12, iron and selenium. They are also an excellent source of Hill , an important nutrient for the brain, muscles and liver health ( 4 ).

Conclusion :. Meat is an excellent source of protein and several vitamins and minerals, including vitamin B12, niacin and selenium

Cooking Methods and effects on carcinogens

Cooking and preparation meat in certain forms can negatively affect your health.

When are grilled, broiled or smoked at high temperatures, fat is released and drips onto the hot cooking surfaces.

This produces toxic compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) will rise and seep into the meat.

PAHs are carcinogenic, which means they can cause cancer. However, minimizing smoke and quickly drying fat can reduce the formation of PAH up to 89% ( 5 6 7 ).

The heterocyclic amines (HAS) are formed when meat is heated to high temperatures and forms a dark crust. HA levels have been shown to increase during longer cooking times and long cooling after firing ( 8 , 9 ).

nitrates are additives in processed meats that were previously considered carcinogenic, but now are considered harmless or even beneficial.

However, researchers disagree about whether similar known additives such as nitrites (with an "i") increase the risk of cancer ( 10 11 ).

Conclusion :. Cooking food at high temperatures or for long periods of time can increase the production of toxic byproducts that can cause cancer

Meat and cancer

Three Pieces of Meat on a Two Pronged Fork

Many people claim that eating meat increases the risk of cancer. However, this depends largely on the type you eat and how you cook.

red is the bad meat?

Some observational studies have linked a high intake of red meat to various types of cancer, including digestive tract, prostate, kidney and breast ( 12 cancer 13 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ).

However, in most studies, the association between cancer and was well-done meat, HAP or has, instead of red meat itself. These studies indicate that high temperature cooking had a very strong effect.

of all cancers, colon cancer has the strongest association with the consumption of red meat, with studies reporting a dozen connection.

Apart from some studies that do not distinguish between processed and method of cooking fresh meat, increased risk seems to occur especially with a higher intake of processed meat and well done ( 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ).

In a 2011 analysis of 25 studies, researchers concluded that there was insufficient evidence to support a clear link between red meat and colon cancer ( 22 ) .

Other factors that can affect cancer risk

While red meat cooked at high temperatures may increase the risk of cancer, white meat does not appear. In fact, one study found that consumption of poultry was associated with reduced risk of colon cancer, even when cooked to the point of charring ( 20 22 , 24 ).

animal and observational studies suggest that in addition to toxic compounds created during high temperature cooking, the heme iron is in red meat may play a role in the development of colon cancer ( 26 , 27 ).

flesh

In addition, some researchers believe that process can potentially lead to inflammation in the colon which increases the risk of cancer ( 28 ).

In one study, the addition of calcium or vitamin E levels cured meat reduced toxic end products in the feces of humans and rats. What's more, it was found that these nutrients to improve pre-cancerous lesions of the colon in rats ( 29 ).

It is important to note that because these studies are observational, can only show a relationship and can not prove that red meat causes cancer or processed.

However, it definitely seems prudent to limit your intake of processed meat. If you choose to eat red meat, then use milder methods of cooking and prevent burning.

Conclusion :. Observational studies have shown a relationship between well done or processed meat and an increased risk of cancer, especially colon cancer

Meat and heart disease

Knife Cutting Grilled Meat

Several large observational studies exploring meat intake and heart disease found an increased risk of the products. Only one study found a weak association for red meat only ( 30 31 32 33 ).

In 2010, researchers conducted a massive review of 20 studies involving more than 1.2 million people. They found that eating processed - but not red -. Meat appeared to increase the risk of heart disease by 42% ( 30 )

However, these studies do not show that a high intake of processed meat does disease heart. Only suggest that there may be a relationship.

Some controlled studies have found that eating frequent meat, including varieties of high-fat, has a neutral or positive effect on risk factors for heart disease ( 34 35 ).

Conclusion :. Processed meat has been linked to heart disease in some studies, while controlled studies have shown that meat can have a neutral or beneficial effect

Meat and type 2 diabetes

Several large studies have also shown an association between processed meat or red and type 2 diabetes ( 30 36 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ).

A review of three studies found that consumption of more than half a serving of red meat a day increased the risk of developing diabetes within four years by 30%, partly related to the increase Weight ( 37 ).

However, it is quite possible that people who ended up with diabetes had participated in unhealthy, such as eating too much refined carbohydrates , eat very few vegetables or simply overeating in behavior general.

In studies of low-carbohydrate diets, which tend to be high in meat, sugar levels in the blood and other markers of diabetes tend to down ( 42 ).

Conclusion: Some observational studies show a link between red and processed meats and increased risk of diabetes. However, this can also depend on other dietary factors.

Meat, weight control and obesity

Fork and Knife on Green Scales

A high intake of red and processed meat has been associated with obesity in several observational studies.

This includes a review of 39 studies with data from more than 1.1 million people ( 43 ).

However, the results of individual studies varied considerably ( 43 ).

In one study, researchers found that although there was a relationship between the consumption of frequent red meat and obesity, people who ate more also took in about 700 more calories all day than those who ate less ( 44 ).

Again, these studies are observational and do not consider other types and amounts of foods consumed on a regular basis.

And while red meat is often linked to obesity and weight gain while white meat is not a controlled study found no difference in weight changes in overweight people assigned to eat meat beef, pork or chicken for three months ( 45 ).

Another study in people with prediabetes found that weight loss and improvements in body composition were similar when subjects consumed diets based on proteins of animal or vegetable origin ( 46 ).

The consumption of fresh foods, everything seems to benefit weight loss, regardless of whether the meat is consumed or not.

In one study, 10 obese postmenopausal women followed a diet paleo unrestricted with 30% of calories as protein, mainly from animals, including meat. After five weeks, the weight was reduced by 10 pounds (4.5 kg) and belly fat decreased by 8% on average ( 47 ).

Conclusion: While some observational studies have linked red and processed meat intake to obesity, total calorie intake is key. Controlled studies have shown that weight loss can occur despite the high intake of meat.

The benefits of eating meat

Meat consumption has many health benefits:

  • Reduced appetite and increase metabolism Many studies have shown that diets rich in proteins including metabolic rate increased meat reduce hunger and promote fullness ( 48 49 , 50 , 51 ).
  • The retention of muscle mass: animal protein intake was consistently linked to increased muscle mass. In a study in elderly women, eating beef increased muscle mass and reduced markers of inflammation ( 52 53 , 54 55 56 ).
  • Strong bones: Animal protein can improve bone density and strength. In one study, older women with the highest intake of animal protein had a 69% lower risk of hip fractures ( 57 58 ) .
  • Better absorption of iron Meat contains heme iron , your body absorbs better than non-heme iron plant ( 59 60 61 ).

Conclusion :. Meat has benefits for appetite, metabolism, absorption of iron and the health of muscles and bones

ethical and environmental perspectives

Man's Hands Touching a Leg of Lamb on a Chopping Board

Some people choose not to eat meat because they do not believe in killing animals for food when there are other ways to meet nutritional needs.

This is a view that must be respected valid.

Other servants in large industrial complex animals, sometimes referred to as "factory farms", which is also very understandable oppose.

These farms are very difficult and often do not allow animals to get enough exercise, sunlight or room to move. To prevent infection, livestock are often given antibiotics , which can lead to antibiotic resistance ( 62 63 ).

Many animal steroid hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and testosterone are given to accelerate growth. This poses additional health and ethical concerns ( 64 ).

The environmental effects of industrial agriculture have also been criticized, particularly the waste produced during lifting and sacrifice, and the high cost of meat production from cereals ( 63 , 65 , 66 , 67 ).

Fortunately, there are alternatives. You can support small farms that raise animals humanely, do not use antibiotics or hormones and provide their animals with natural diets.

Conclusion :. Some oppose the slaughter of animals for food, inhumane conditions on factory farms or the environmental impact of livestock farming

How to maximize the benefits and minimize the negative effects

Bowl of Salad With Chicken

Here's how to ensure you are consuming the flesh in a way that is healthier for you and the planet:

  • Choose fresh products :. Fresh meat is always healthier for you than processed varieties
  • Give viscera of an attempt :. Add these to your diet to take advantage of its high nutrient content
  • Minimize high temperature cooking: If the grill, barbecue or use another method of high temperature, clean the drips immediately and avoid burning or charring
  • .
  • consume, unprocessed foods herbal :. These are high in fiber, it contains valuable antioxidants and help well-balanced diet
  • Choose organic meat from small farms: This is more environmentally friendly and better from a perspective ethics
  • Select grass-fed beef. cattle eat a natural diet of grass , instead of grain, meat production is higher in healthy acids omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants fatty acids ( 68 69 70 ) .

Conclusion: To maximize the benefits and and minimize risk, choose fresh meats, avoid high temperature cooking, including plant foods in your diet and choose organic or grass fed always possible.

should eat meat?

not properly processed and prepared meat has many nutrients and may have some health benefits. If you like to eat meat, then there are no compelling reasons of health or nutritional reason to stop.

However, if you do not feel good about eating animals, you can also stay healthy following a well-balanced vegetarian diet.

Ultimately, if meat is consumed is a personal choice and that others should respect.

More on meat and related topics:




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