Title : Saccharin -? It is this good or bad sweetener
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Saccharin -? It is this good or bad sweetener
Saccharin is one of the oldest artificial sweeteners on the market.
Indeed, it has been used to sweeten foods and beverages for more than 100 years.
However, it was not until the 60s and 70s it became popular as a sugar substitute.
Some say that replacing sugar saccharin benefits of weight loss, diabetes and dental health.
Others are skeptical about the safety of all artificial sweeteners, including this one.
What is saccharin?
Saccharin is an artificial or non-nutritive sweetener.
done in a laboratory through oxidation of chemicals OFO-toluenesulfonamide or phthalic anhydride . It looks like white, crystalline powder.
saccharin calories carbohydrates is commonly used as a sugar substitute because it does not contain o. Humans can not break saccharin, which leaves the body unchanged.
This is about 300-400 times sweeter than regular sugar, so you only need a small amount to get the sweet taste.
However, it can have an unpleasant, bitter aftertaste. This is why saccharin often mixed with other low calorie sweeteners or zero.
For example, saccharin is sometimes combined with aspartame , another low-calorie sweetener commonly found in carbonated diet drinks.
Food manufacturers are very fond of saccharin because it is quite stable and has a long shelf life. It safe to eat even after years of storage.
In addition to diet carbonated drinks, saccharin used to sweeten low-calorie sweets, jams, jellies and biscuits. It is also used in many medicines.
Saccharin can be used as table sugar to sprinkle on food, such as grain or fruit, or used as a sugar substitute in coffee or when cooking.
Conclusion: Saccharin is an artificial sweetener without calories. It is 300-400 times sweeter than sugar and used as a replacement.
Evidence suggests that it is safe for human consumption
Health authorities agree that saccharin is safe for human consumption.
Among them, the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Drug Administration US (FDA).
However, this was not always the case. Back in the 1970s, several studies related to the development of saccharin bladder cancer in rats ( 1 ).
It was then classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans." However, further investigation found that the development of cancer in rats was not relevant to humans.
Observational studies in humans showed no clear association between saccharin consumption and cancer risk ( 2 3 4 ).
Due to the lack of solid evidence linking saccharin to cancer development, classification was changed to "not classifiable as carcinogenic to humans" ( 5 ).
However, despite the lack of evidence linking saccharin to cancer, many experts consider observational studies are not sufficient to definitely confirm there is no risk.
Therefore, many still recommend that people avoid saccharin.
Conclusion :. Observational studies in humans have found no evidence that saccharin causes cancer or any harm to human health
Sources saccharin Food
saccharin is in a range of " diet foods " and drinks. It is also used as a tabletop sweetener.
Sold under brand names like Sweet 'N Low sweet twin and Necta Sweet .
Saccharin is available as granules and as a liquid, with a portion provide sweetness comparable to two teaspoons of sugar.
Another common source of saccharin is artificially sweetened drinks, but the FDA restricts this amount to no more than 12 mg per fluid ounce.
Because of the ban on saccharin in the 1970s, many manufacturers of diet drinks aspartame as a sweetener changed and still use today.
Saccharin is often used in baked goods, jams, jellies, chewing gum, canned fruit , sweets, dessert toppings and salad dressings.
It can also be found in cosmetic products, including toothpaste and mouthwash. Furthermore, it is a common ingredient in medicines, vitamins and pharmaceuticals.
In the European Union, saccharin has been added to foods or beverages can be identified as E954 in the nutrition label .
Conclusion: Saccharin is a sweetener common table. It can also be found in diet drinks and foods low in calories and vitamins and medications.
How much can you eat?
The FDA has established Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of saccharin in 2.3 mg / lb (5 mg / kg) of body weight.
This means that if you weigh 154 pounds (70 kilograms), can be consumed 350 mg every day of your life without any health risks.
To put this into perspective even more, could consume 3.7 12-ounce cans of diet soda a day - about 10 servings of saccharin -. Without going over the limit
No studies have measured the total intake of saccharin in the US population, but studies in European countries have found it within limits ( 6 7 8 ).
Conclusion :. According to the FDA, adults and children can consume up to 2.3 mg of saccharin per pound (5 mg per kg) of body weight without risk
Saccharin may have slight profit loss weight
Replacing sugar with a low-calorie sweetener can benefit weight loss and protect against obesity ( 9 ).
That is because it allows people to consume foods and drinks that enjoy less calories ( 9 10 ).
Depending on the recipe, saccharin can replace 50-100% of the sugar in food products without significantly compromising taste or texture.
However, some studies suggest that consumption of artificial sweeteners like saccharin may actually increase hunger, food intake and weight gain ( 11 12 ).
In an observational study followed 78.694 women. Those who use artificial sweeteners gained about 2 pounds (0.9 kg) more than non-users ( 13 ).
However, a recent high quality study reviewed all the evidence on artificial sweeteners and how they affect food intake and body weight ( 14 ).
He concluded that, in general, replacing sugar with zero or low calorie sweeteners does not cause weight gain .
Instead, leads to reduced calorie intake (94 calories less per meal on average) and low weight (about 3 pounds or 1.4 kilograms on average) ( 14 ).
Conclusion :. Studies show that replacing sugar with low-calorie sweeteners can lead to small reductions in caloric intake and body
weight
The effects on levels of blood sugar are not clear
saccharin is often recommended as a sugar substitute for people with diabetes.
This is because it is not metabolized by the body. Therefore, it is eliminated from the body unchanged and does not affect sugar levels in the blood as refined sugar does.
Few studies have examined the effects of saccharin alone in levels of blood sugar, but several studies have analyzed effects of other artificial sweeteners .
One trial included 128 people with type 2 diabetes was found that consumption of the artificial sweetener sucralose ( Splenda ) did not affect the levels of blood sugar ( 15 ).
The same result was observed in studies using other artificial sweeteners such as aspartame ( 16 , 17 , 18 ).
Some short-term studies also suggest that replacing sugar with artificial sweeteners may help control blood sugar. However, the effect is usually quite small ( 19 ).
However, most evidence suggests that artificial sweeteners do not significantly affect blood sugar levels in healthy people or diabetics ( 20 ).
Conclusion :. Saccharin is unlikely to affect control of blood sugar long-term healthy people or those with diabetes
replace sugar with saccharin may help reduce the risk of caries
the added sugar is one of the main causes of tooth decay ( 21 ).
Therefore, the use of a low-calorie sweetener instead can reduce the risk of caries ( 22 ).
Unlike sugar, artificial sweeteners such as saccharin are unfermented acid by bacteria in the mouth ( 21 ).
For this reason, it is often used as a sugar alternative medicines ( 23 ).
However, it is important to note that food and drinks containing artificial sweeteners can still contain other ingredients that cause cavities.
These include certain acids carbonated beverages and naturally occurring sugars in fruit juices.
Conclusion :. Substituting saccharin for sugar can help reduce the risk of caries, but still other ingredients can cause tooth decay
so that no negative effects?
Most health authorities believe that saccharin are safe for human consumption.
However, there is still some skepticism about the potential negative effects on human health.
A recent study found that the use of saccharin, sucralose and aspartame can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the gut ( 24 ).
Research in this area is relatively new and limited. However, there is convincing evidence that changes in intestinal bacteria are associated with increased risk of diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and cancer ( 25 ).
In one study, mice were fed a daily dose of aspartame, sucralose or saccharin. After 11 weeks, they showed unusually high levels of blood sugar. This indicates glucose intolerance and thus an increased risk of metabolic disease ( 24 , 26 ).
However, once the mice were treated with antibiotics that kill intestinal bacteria, glucose levels in the blood back to normal.
The same experiment was performed in a group of healthy people who ate the recommended maximum daily saccharin dose for five days.
Four out of seven had levels of sugar in the blood abnormally high, as well as changes in intestinal bacteria. The others do not experience any change intestinal bacteria ( 24 ).
Scientists believe that artificial sweeteners like saccharin may stimulate the growth of a type of bacteria that is better at converting food into energy.
This means that more food calories are available. If these are not exhausted, they are stored as fat, which increases the risk of obesity.
However, this research is very new. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between artificial sweeteners and changes in intestinal bacteria.
Conclusion :. Preliminary evidence suggests that artificial sweeteners like saccharin may affect gut bacteria and increase the risk of certain diseases
Take Home Message
Based the evidence available, the general saccharin, appears to be safe for consumption and an acceptable alternative to sugar.
Even can help reduce cavities and helps in weight loss, although only slightly.
However, the benefits of the use of saccharin are not due to the sweetener itself, but due to the reduction or avoid sugar.
More about artificial sweeteners:
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