Title : The orthorexia :. When healthy eating becomes a disorder
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The orthorexia :. When healthy eating becomes a disorder
However for some people, focus on healthy eating can become obsessive and become an eating disorder known as orthorexia.
Like other eating disorders, orthorexia can have serious consequences.
This article explains everything you need to know about orthorexia.
What is orthorexia?
orthorexia, or orthorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that involves an unhealthy obsession with healthy eating.
Unlike other eating disorders, orthorexia revolves mainly around the food quality, not quantity. Unlike anorexia or bulimia, persons rarely ortorexia focus on weight loss ( 1 ).
Instead, they have an extreme fixation with the "purity" of their food as well as an obsession with the benefits of a healthy diet.
agoWithin a few years, orthorexia was at the center of media attention because younger Jordan, a blogger success with more than 70,000 Instagram followers.
She surprised everyone when describing how your motivation to eat healthy became obsessive to the point of malnutrition.
orthorexia begins to be recognized by the medical community, although not officially defined as an eating disorder by the American Psychiatric Association or DSM-5 .
The term "orthorexia" was first coined in 1997 by American physician Steve Bratman. The term is derived from "ortho" - ". Law," which in Greek means
Conclusion :. orthorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that involves an obsession with healthy eating and optimal nutrition
What causes orthorexia?
Although you can start a diet, simply intended to improve your health, this approach can be more extreme.
Over time, good intentions can slowly become full-fledged orthorexia.
Research on the precise causes of orthorexia is sparse, but with obsessive-compulsive tendencies and former or current eating disorders are known risk factors ( 2 3 ).
Other risk factors include tendencies toward perfectionism, anxiety or high need for control ( 4 5 ).
Several studies also report that individuals focused on the health of your career may be at increased risk of developing orthorexia.
Common examples are health workers, opera singers, dancers, musicians of the symphony orchestra and athletes ( 5 6 7 8 9 ).
The risk may also depend on age, sex, level of education and socioeconomic status, but more research is needed before conclusions ( 2 ).
Conclusion :. The exact causes of orthorexia are not well known, but have identified certain personality factors and risk at work
How common is orthorexia?
In some cases it may be difficult to differentiate between orthorexia and a normal concern with healthy eating.
For this reason, it is difficult to determine how common orthorexia. Studies rates vary from 6% to 90%. Part of this is also because the diagnostic criteria are not universally agreed ( 10 ).
What is more, the criteria not assess whether the behavior negative impact on the social, physical or mental health of the person, which is a crucial part of orthorexia.
The enthusiasm for healthy eating only becomes orthorexia when it becomes an obsession that adversely affects daily, such as extreme weight loss or refusal to eat with friends life.
By taking these negative effects into account, the rates of orthorexia fall to less than 1%, which is much more in line with the rates of other eating disorders ( 10 ).
Conclusion :. Enthusiasm for a healthy diet only becomes orthorexia when it begins to adversely affect the physical, social or mental health
How orthorexia diagnosed?
To make the distinction between healthy eating and clearer orthorexia, and Bratman Dunn has recently proposed the following diagnostic criteria of 2 parts ( 11 ):
1. An obsessive focus on healthy eating
the first part is an obsessive focus on healthy eating that is exaggerated emotional distress in relation to food choices. This may include:
- behavior or thoughts :. Compulsive behaviors or mental concerns dietary habits, which is believed to promote optimal health
- self-imposed anxiety: Breaking the dietary rules self-imposed causes anxiety, shame, fear the disease, the sense of impurity or negative physical sensations
- severe restrictions. dietary restrictions that increase over time and may include the elimination of entire food groups and the addition of clean , fasting or both .
2. the behavior disrupts daily life
the second part is a compulsive behavior that prevents normal daily functioning. This can happen through any of the following ways:
- medical problems :. Malnutrition, severe weight loss or other medical complications
- interrupt Life Style :. personal distress or social functioning or academic difficult because beliefs or related to healthy eating behaviors
- Emotional dependence :. Body image, self-esteem, identity or satisfaction is overly dependent to meet self-imposed dietary standards
Conclusion :. A framework for diagnosing orthorexia seeks an obsessive focus on food and behaviors that disrupt healthy daily life
negative health effects of orthorexia
the negative health effects associated with orthorexia generally fall under one of the following three categories:
1. physical effects
Although studies on orthorexia limited, this condition is likely to lead to many of the same medical complications and other eating disorders.
For example, the shortage of essential nutrients caused by a restrictive diet can lead to malnutrition, anemia, or an abnormally slow heart rate ( 4 12 ).
Additional consequences include digestion problems, electrolyte and hormone imbalances, metabolic acidosis and impaired bone health ( 13 14 ).
These physical complications can be life threatening, and should not be underestimated.
Conclusion :. orthorexia is expected to lead to medical complications similar to those related to other eating disorders
2. Psychological effects
People with orthorexia may experience intense frustration when their food-related habits are disrupted.
What is more, breaking the dietary rules self-imposed is likely to cause feelings of guilt, self-hatred or a compulsion to "purification" through cleansing or fasting ( 2 3 ).
In addition, a lot of time is devoted to analyzing whether certain foods are sufficiently "clean" or "pure". This may include concerns about exposure to pesticides plant ', supplemented dairy hormones and artificial flavors or preservatives ( 4 ).
outside of meals, extra time could be spent research, cataloging, weighing and measuring food or planning future meals.
Recent research indicates that this permanent preoccupation with food and health is linked to a weaker memory ( 4 15 ).
Moreover, the orthorexic individuals are less likely to perform well in tasks that require flexible problem-solving skills. They are also less able to keep the focus on the environment, including people ( 4 15 ).
Conclusion :. A constant concern with healthy eating can have negative psychological effects, and is linked to altered brain function
3. Social effects
People with orthorexia not like ceding control to lunch ( 2 ).
He also often follow strict self-imposed rules that dictates what foods can be combined in one session or eat at certain times during the day ( 2 ).
Such rigid feeding patterns may make it difficult to participate in normal social activities revolve around food, such as dinners or eating out .
Furthermore, intrusive thoughts related to food and the tendency to feel their eating habits are superior can further complicate social interactions ( 4 ).
This can lead to social isolation, which seems to be common among people suffering from orthorexia ( 2 3 ).
. Conclusion: patterns rigid diet, thoughts and feelings of intrusive moral superiority related to food can have negative social effects
How overcome orthorexia
the consequences of orthorexia can be as severe as those of other eating disorders.
If untreated, can cause irreversible damage to health.
The first step towards overcoming orthorexia is the identification of their presence.
This can be a challenge because people with this disorder often do not recognize any of the negative effects on health, welfare or social function.
Once the problem has been recognized, you should seek help from a multidisciplinary team that includes a doctor, psychologist and dietician.
Common treatments include exposure and response prevention, behavior modification cognitive restructuring and various forms of relaxation training.
However, the efficacy of these treatments has not been scientifically ortorexia confirmed ( 4 ).
Finally, education on scientifically valid nutritional information can also help patients orthorexic rid of the false beliefs of food ( 16 ).
Conclusion: There are several ways to treat orthorexia. It is recommended to seek help from a health professional.
Take Home Message
Be aware food you eat and how they affect your health is generally considered a good thing.
However, for some people, there is a fine line between healthy eating and an eating disorder.
If your current healthy diet negatively affects their health, psychological welfare or social life, it is possible that its focus on health has become orthorexia.
This disorder can have dangerous consequences for life, and should not be taken lightly. Consulting with your doctor, psychologist or dietitian is highly recommended.
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